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Babesiosis is a serious infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, which attack a dog’s red blood cells, leading to their destruction (hemolysis). The disease is transmitted by ticks, which are the main vectors of infection. Babesiosis occurs mainly in warm climates, but its occurrence is also associated with areas with large numbers of ticks. At the Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we offer comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of babesiosis to ensure the best care for your dog.
Babesiosis is caused by Babesia parasites, which most commonly occur in two forms:
Babesia canis (large babesia) – most commonly found in dogs in Poland and Europe.
Babesia gibsoni (small babesia) – more common in dogs in tropical regions, but also in southern countries.
Infection with Babesia occurs as a result of a bite from an infected tick. The parasite enters the dog’s body, where it penetrates the red blood cells and begins its life cycle. This process results in the destruction of blood cells, leading to anemia and damage to other organs in the dog’s body.
The symptoms of babesiosis can be very diverse, and their severity depends on many factors, such as the dog’s age, its general health, and the number of parasites in the body. The most common symptoms of babesiosis in dogs include:
● Fever – This is one of the most common symptoms of babesiosis, resulting from the body’s inflammatory response to the presence of parasites.
● Anemia – Babesiosis causes the destruction of red blood cells, which leads to a decrease in their number and manifests itself as a pale or yellowish discoloration of the mucous membranes (e.g., gums).
● Weakness, apathy, and lethargy – Dogs infected with the parasite often become weak, lose energy, and show reduced activity.
● Joint and muscle pain – Often accompany the disease, causing the dog to avoid movement.
● Abdominal pain – Symptoms associated with enlargement of the liver or spleen can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty moving.
● Vomiting and diarrhea – These are common gastrointestinal symptoms in dogs with babesiosis.
● Jaundice – The breakdown of red blood cells can lead to an increase in bilirubin in the blood, causing yellowing of the mucous membranes and skin.
● Rapid heart rate and breathing – In response to a shortage of red blood cells, your dog’s body may try to compensate for the loss of oxygen, which manifests itself in rapid breathing and a rapid heart rate.
The diagnosis of babesiosis is crucial, as appropriate treatment must be initiated as soon as possible to avoid complications and permanent organ damage. At the Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we perform a full diagnosis, including:
● Clinical history – The veterinarian conducts a detailed interview with the dog’s owner, paying attention to symptoms such as fever, weakness, skin changes, and the presence of ticks.
● Blood test – In the case of babesiosis, laboratory tests will reveal anemia, as well as changes in other parameters, such as increased bilirubin levels and changes in liver and kidney function.
● Blood microscopy – A microscopic examination of a blood smear is performed to confirm the presence of Babesia parasites. The microscopic preparation reveals the characteristic forms of the parasite in the dog’s red blood cells.
● PCR tests – Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect the genetic material of the parasite. This is a very sensitive method that allows the infection to be detected even in the early stages of the disease.
● Blood biochemistry – A biochemical test allows the function of the liver, kidneys, and other organs that may be damaged by babesia to be assessed.
The treatment of babesiosis in dogs is complex and usually requires the use of various therapeutic methods, depending on the severity of the symptoms. At the Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we offer the latest treatment methods, which include:
Pharmacological treatment – The basis of therapy is antiparasitic drugs, such as imidocarb dipropionate, which is effective against Babesia. Treatment usually lasts for several days and can be adjusted to the severity of the disease.
Supportive treatment – Depending on the condition of the dog, supportive medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, and rehydration drugs are used. In addition, blood transfusions may be necessary in cases of severe anemia.
Symptomatic treatment – In the event of liver or kidney damage, treatment to support these organs is introduced, and the dog’s health is monitored throughout the course of therapy.
Health monitoring – Once treatment has begun, it is important to monitor your dog’s health regularly, including blood parameters, electrolyte levels, and organ function. At Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we provide full support throughout the treatment and recovery process.
Babesiosis is a disease that can be largely prevented. At Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we recommend:
● Regular use of tick repellents – It is a good idea to regularly use tick repellents, such as subcutaneous injections, collars, drops, or tablets, which effectively repel ticks.
● Check for ticks – After walks in areas where ticks are particularly active, check your dog’s skin thoroughly and remove any ticks you find.
● Vaccinations – In some countries, vaccines against babesiosis are available, which can help reduce the risk of infection, especially in areas with a high risk of ticks.
Babesiosis is a serious disease that can be effectively treated if diagnosed early. At the Szmaragdowa Veterinary Clinic, we offer comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. If you notice any symptoms that may suggest babesiosis in your dog, please contact us to have the appropriate tests performed and treatment started. Our team of specialists will take care of your pet’s health and comfort.
